Car parameters - Revision history

Daniel3D: /* Aero Drag */

2023-12-05T23:34:11Z

Aero Drag

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:34, 6 December 2023
Line 137:		Line 137:
	The Drag parameters also determines how fast the car will lose speed when the accelerator is not being held. It should, additionally, make the car slow down whenever it reached speeds higher than the flat-track top speed (when landing from a jump, for instance). Due to the same bug which originates powergear, however, this effect is observed, among the original cars, only for the [[Carrera]] (only those with power of 2 mass values are "bug free" and work "properly"). This fact has very important consequences for the driving technique of Stunts cars. Usual values for the Drag parameter are similar in magnitude to those of mass, ranging from 20 to 52 for the original cars.		The Drag parameters also determines how fast the car will lose speed when the accelerator is not being held. It should, additionally, make the car slow down whenever it reached speeds higher than the flat-track top speed (when landing from a jump, for instance). Due to the same bug which originates powergear, however, this effect is observed, among the original cars, only for the [[Carrera]] (only those with power of 2 mass values are "bug free" and work "properly"). This fact has very important consequences for the driving technique of Stunts cars. Usual values for the Drag parameter are similar in magnitude to those of mass, ranging from 20 to 52 for the original cars.

	Additionally, Rolling resistance (ground drag) on the road is not modelled by the game, as if it were a comparatively minor effect. On grass, where rolling resistance matters more, it is modelled ~~see~~ [[Car_model_physics#Grass_slowdown \| Grass Slowdown]] for more information.		Additionally, Rolling resistance (ground drag) on the road is not modelled by the game, as if it were a comparatively minor effect. On grass, where rolling resistance matters more, it is modelled. See [[Car_model_physics#Grass_slowdown \| Grass Slowdown]] for more information.

	===Grip===		===Grip===

Daniel3D: /* Aero Drag */

2023-12-05T23:32:46Z

Aero Drag

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:32, 6 December 2023
Line 137:		Line 137:
	The Drag parameters also determines how fast the car will lose speed when the accelerator is not being held. It should, additionally, make the car slow down whenever it reached speeds higher than the flat-track top speed (when landing from a jump, for instance). Due to the same bug which originates powergear, however, this effect is observed, among the original cars, only for the [[Carrera]] (only those with power of 2 mass values are "bug free" and work "properly"). This fact has very important consequences for the driving technique of Stunts cars. Usual values for the Drag parameter are similar in magnitude to those of mass, ranging from 20 to 52 for the original cars.		The Drag parameters also determines how fast the car will lose speed when the accelerator is not being held. It should, additionally, make the car slow down whenever it reached speeds higher than the flat-track top speed (when landing from a jump, for instance). Due to the same bug which originates powergear, however, this effect is observed, among the original cars, only for the [[Carrera]] (only those with power of 2 mass values are "bug free" and work "properly"). This fact has very important consequences for the driving technique of Stunts cars. Usual values for the Drag parameter are similar in magnitude to those of mass, ranging from 20 to 52 for the original cars.

	Additionally, Rolling resistance (ground drag) on the road is not modelled by the game, as if it were a comparatively minor effect. On grass, where rolling resistance matters more, it is modelled see [[Car_model_physics#Grass_slowdown]] for more information.		Additionally, Rolling resistance (ground drag) on the road is not modelled by the game, as if it were a comparatively minor effect. On grass, where rolling resistance matters more, it is modelled see [[Car_model_physics#Grass_slowdown \| Grass Slowdown]] for more information.

	===Grip===		===Grip===

Daniel3D: /* Aero Drag */

2023-12-05T21:06:23Z

Aero Drag

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:06, 5 December 2023
Line 137:		Line 137:
	The Drag parameters also determines how fast the car will lose speed when the accelerator is not being held. It should, additionally, make the car slow down whenever it reached speeds higher than the flat-track top speed (when landing from a jump, for instance). Due to the same bug which originates powergear, however, this effect is observed, among the original cars, only for the [[Carrera]] (only those with power of 2 mass values are "bug free" and work "properly"). This fact has very important consequences for the driving technique of Stunts cars. Usual values for the Drag parameter are similar in magnitude to those of mass, ranging from 20 to 52 for the original cars.		The Drag parameters also determines how fast the car will lose speed when the accelerator is not being held. It should, additionally, make the car slow down whenever it reached speeds higher than the flat-track top speed (when landing from a jump, for instance). Due to the same bug which originates powergear, however, this effect is observed, among the original cars, only for the [[Carrera]] (only those with power of 2 mass values are "bug free" and work "properly"). This fact has very important consequences for the driving technique of Stunts cars. Usual values for the Drag parameter are similar in magnitude to those of mass, ranging from 20 to 52 for the original cars.

	Additionally, Rolling resistance (ground drag) on the road is not modelled by the game, as if it were a comparatively minor effect. On grass, where rolling resistance matters more, it is modelled ~~-- as the "Grass_slowdown" , which is proportional to speed (as opposed to the square of the speed), and with a fixed coefficient for all cars. For more information~~ see[[Car_model_physics#Grass_slowdown]].		Additionally, Rolling resistance (ground drag) on the road is not modelled by the game, as if it were a comparatively minor effect. On grass, where rolling resistance matters more, it is modelled see [[Car_model_physics#Grass_slowdown]] for more information.

	===Grip===		===Grip===

Daniel3D: /* Aero Drag */

2023-12-05T21:04:41Z

Aero Drag

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:04, 5 December 2023
Line 137:		Line 137:
	The Drag parameters also determines how fast the car will lose speed when the accelerator is not being held. It should, additionally, make the car slow down whenever it reached speeds higher than the flat-track top speed (when landing from a jump, for instance). Due to the same bug which originates powergear, however, this effect is observed, among the original cars, only for the [[Carrera]] (only those with power of 2 mass values are "bug free" and work "properly"). This fact has very important consequences for the driving technique of Stunts cars. Usual values for the Drag parameter are similar in magnitude to those of mass, ranging from 20 to 52 for the original cars.		The Drag parameters also determines how fast the car will lose speed when the accelerator is not being held. It should, additionally, make the car slow down whenever it reached speeds higher than the flat-track top speed (when landing from a jump, for instance). Due to the same bug which originates powergear, however, this effect is observed, among the original cars, only for the [[Carrera]] (only those with power of 2 mass values are "bug free" and work "properly"). This fact has very important consequences for the driving technique of Stunts cars. Usual values for the Drag parameter are similar in magnitude to those of mass, ranging from 20 to 52 for the original cars.

	Additionally, Rolling resistance (ground drag) on the road is not modelled by the game, as if it were a comparatively minor effect. On grass, where rolling resistance matters more, it is modelled -- as the "~~[[Car_model_physics#~~Grass_slowdown]]", which is proportional to speed (as opposed to the square of the speed), and with a fixed coefficient for all cars.		Additionally, Rolling resistance (ground drag) on the road is not modelled by the game, as if it were a comparatively minor effect. On grass, where rolling resistance matters more, it is modelled -- as the "Grass_slowdown" , which is proportional to speed (as opposed to the square of the speed), and with a fixed coefficient for all cars. For more information see[[Car_model_physics#Grass_slowdown]].

	===Grip===		===Grip===

Daniel3D: /* Aero Drag */

2023-12-05T21:03:05Z

Aero Drag

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:03, 5 December 2023
Line 137:		Line 137:
	The Drag parameters also determines how fast the car will lose speed when the accelerator is not being held. It should, additionally, make the car slow down whenever it reached speeds higher than the flat-track top speed (when landing from a jump, for instance). Due to the same bug which originates powergear, however, this effect is observed, among the original cars, only for the [[Carrera]] (only those with power of 2 mass values are "bug free" and work "properly"). This fact has very important consequences for the driving technique of Stunts cars. Usual values for the Drag parameter are similar in magnitude to those of mass, ranging from 20 to 52 for the original cars.		The Drag parameters also determines how fast the car will lose speed when the accelerator is not being held. It should, additionally, make the car slow down whenever it reached speeds higher than the flat-track top speed (when landing from a jump, for instance). Due to the same bug which originates powergear, however, this effect is observed, among the original cars, only for the [[Carrera]] (only those with power of 2 mass values are "bug free" and work "properly"). This fact has very important consequences for the driving technique of Stunts cars. Usual values for the Drag parameter are similar in magnitude to those of mass, ranging from 20 to 52 for the original cars.

	Additionally, Rolling resistance (ground drag) on the road is not modelled by the game, as if it were a comparatively minor effect. On grass, where rolling resistance matters more, it is modelled -- as the "[[~~grass slowdown~~]]", which is proportional to speed (as opposed to the square of the speed), and with a fixed coefficient for all cars.		Additionally, Rolling resistance (ground drag) on the road is not modelled by the game, as if it were a comparatively minor effect. On grass, where rolling resistance matters more, it is modelled -- as the "[[Car_model_physics#Grass_slowdown]]", which is proportional to speed (as opposed to the square of the speed), and with a fixed coefficient for all cars.

	===Grip===		===Grip===

Daniel3D: /* Aero Drag */

2023-12-05T21:02:13Z

Aero Drag

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:02, 5 December 2023
Line 125:		Line 125:
	As the name says, those addresses tell how powerful the car brakes will be. The effect of the brakes is proportional to the value - any apparent deviations from the prediction are in fact effects of aerodynamic resistance. Typical values are close to 0100h (=256), except for racing cars, which may have significantly better brakes. Setting the parameter to ''0000''h will turn them off completely, and thus the car will only be stopped by aero drag and, possibly, grass slowdown. Other parameters, such as mass or grip, have no effect on braking.		As the name says, those addresses tell how powerful the car brakes will be. The effect of the brakes is proportional to the value - any apparent deviations from the prediction are in fact effects of aerodynamic resistance. Typical values are close to 0100h (=256), except for racing cars, which may have significantly better brakes. Setting the parameter to ''0000''h will turn them off completely, and thus the car will only be stopped by aero drag and, possibly, grass slowdown. Other parameters, such as mass or grip, have no effect on braking.

	===Drag===		===Aero Drag===

	'' '''Data type:''' [[#Integers\|Integer]] ''		'' '''Data type:''' [[#Integers\|Integer]] ''
Line 136:		Line 136:

	The Drag parameters also determines how fast the car will lose speed when the accelerator is not being held. It should, additionally, make the car slow down whenever it reached speeds higher than the flat-track top speed (when landing from a jump, for instance). Due to the same bug which originates powergear, however, this effect is observed, among the original cars, only for the [[Carrera]] (only those with power of 2 mass values are "bug free" and work "properly"). This fact has very important consequences for the driving technique of Stunts cars. Usual values for the Drag parameter are similar in magnitude to those of mass, ranging from 20 to 52 for the original cars.		The Drag parameters also determines how fast the car will lose speed when the accelerator is not being held. It should, additionally, make the car slow down whenever it reached speeds higher than the flat-track top speed (when landing from a jump, for instance). Due to the same bug which originates powergear, however, this effect is observed, among the original cars, only for the [[Carrera]] (only those with power of 2 mass values are "bug free" and work "properly"). This fact has very important consequences for the driving technique of Stunts cars. Usual values for the Drag parameter are similar in magnitude to those of mass, ranging from 20 to 52 for the original cars.

			Additionally, Rolling resistance (ground drag) on the road is not modelled by the game, as if it were a comparatively minor effect. On grass, where rolling resistance matters more, it is modelled -- as the "[[grass slowdown]]", which is proportional to speed (as opposed to the square of the speed), and with a fixed coefficient for all cars.

	===Grip===		===Grip===

Daniel3D: /* Drag */

2023-12-05T20:41:16Z

Drag

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:41, 5 December 2023
Line 131:		Line 131:
	'' '''Address:''' 38h/39h (simd); 5Eh/5Fh (absolute) ''		'' '''Address:''' 38h/39h (simd); 5Eh/5Fh (absolute) ''

	This elusive parameter controls the ~~cumulative~~ aerodynamic ~~and ground~~ resistance (drag force) encountered by the car when accelerating down a straight. Drag force increases quadratically (that is, proportional to the square of) with speed, up to the point the engine can't produce enough torque to overcome it and the car reaches its top speed. Therefore, increasing the drag parameter will lower the car top speed in a flat straight line (that is, no jumps or [[Power Gear]]), as well as significantly reduce acceleration at high speeds. The parameter value (Drag) is directly proportional to the drag force. It can be verified that for a given set of values for gear ratio, torque and Drag parameter, the maximum possible speed value will be given by:		This elusive parameter controls the aerodynamic resistance (drag force) encountered by the car when accelerating down a straight. Drag force increases quadratically (that is, proportional to the square of) with speed, up to the point the engine can't produce enough torque to overcome it and the car reaches its top speed. Therefore, increasing the drag parameter will lower the car top speed in a flat straight line (that is, no jumps or [[Power Gear]]), as well as significantly reduce acceleration at high speeds. The parameter value (Drag) is directly proportional to the drag force. It can be verified that for a given set of values for gear ratio, torque and Drag parameter, the maximum possible speed value will be given by:
	max_speed_mph = sqrt(2torquegear_ratio/drag)		max_speed_mph = sqrt(2torquegear_ratio/drag)
	This relation allows to predict the flat track top speed of a car.		This relation allows to predict the flat track top speed of a car.

	The Drag parameters also determines how fast the car will lose speed when the accelerator is not being held. It should, additionally, make the car slow down whenever it reached speeds higher than the flat-track top speed (when landing from a jump, for instance ~~where ground resistance applies~~). Due to the same bug which originates powergear, however, this effect is observed, among the original cars, only for the [[Carrera]] (only those with power of 2 mass values are "bug free" and work "properly"). This fact has very important consequences for the driving technique of Stunts cars. Usual values for the Drag parameter are similar in magnitude to those of mass, ranging from 20 to 52 for the original cars.		The Drag parameters also determines how fast the car will lose speed when the accelerator is not being held. It should, additionally, make the car slow down whenever it reached speeds higher than the flat-track top speed (when landing from a jump, for instance). Due to the same bug which originates powergear, however, this effect is observed, among the original cars, only for the [[Carrera]] (only those with power of 2 mass values are "bug free" and work "properly"). This fact has very important consequences for the driving technique of Stunts cars. Usual values for the Drag parameter are similar in magnitude to those of mass, ranging from 20 to 52 for the original cars.

	===Grip===		===Grip===

Daniel3D: /* Drag */

2023-12-05T19:18:16Z

Drag

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:18, 5 December 2023
Line 125:		Line 125:
	As the name says, those addresses tell how powerful the car brakes will be. The effect of the brakes is proportional to the value - any apparent deviations from the prediction are in fact effects of aerodynamic resistance. Typical values are close to 0100h (=256), except for racing cars, which may have significantly better brakes. Setting the parameter to ''0000''h will turn them off completely, and thus the car will only be stopped by aero drag and, possibly, grass slowdown. Other parameters, such as mass or grip, have no effect on braking.		As the name says, those addresses tell how powerful the car brakes will be. The effect of the brakes is proportional to the value - any apparent deviations from the prediction are in fact effects of aerodynamic resistance. Typical values are close to 0100h (=256), except for racing cars, which may have significantly better brakes. Setting the parameter to ''0000''h will turn them off completely, and thus the car will only be stopped by aero drag and, possibly, grass slowdown. Other parameters, such as mass or grip, have no effect on braking.

	===~~Aerodynamic resistance~~===		===Drag===

	'' '''Data type:''' [[#Integers\|Integer]] ''		'' '''Data type:''' [[#Integers\|Integer]] ''
Line 131:		Line 131:
	'' '''Address:''' 38h/39h (simd); 5Eh/5Fh (absolute) ''		'' '''Address:''' 38h/39h (simd); 5Eh/5Fh (absolute) ''

	This elusive parameter controls aerodynamic resistance encountered by the car when accelerating down a straight. ~~Aerodynamic drag~~ force increases quadratically (that is, proportional to the square of) with speed, up to the point the engine can't produce enough torque to overcome it and the car reaches its top speed. Therefore, increasing ~~aerodynamic resistance~~ will lower the car top speed in a flat straight line (that is, no jumps or [[Power Gear]]), as well as significantly reduce acceleration at high speeds. The parameter value is directly proportional to the drag force. It can be verified that for a given set of values for gear ratio, torque and ~~aero coefficient~~, the maximum possible speed value will be given by:		This elusive parameter controls the cumulative aerodynamic and ground resistance (drag force) encountered by the car when accelerating down a straight. Drag force increases quadratically (that is, proportional to the square of) with speed, up to the point the engine can't produce enough torque to overcome it and the car reaches its top speed. Therefore, increasing the drag parameter will lower the car top speed in a flat straight line (that is, no jumps or [[Power Gear]]), as well as significantly reduce acceleration at high speeds. The parameter value (Drag) is directly proportional to the drag force. It can be verified that for a given set of values for gear ratio, torque and Drag parameter, the maximum possible speed value will be given by:
	max_speed_mph = sqrt(2torquegear_ratio/~~aero_resistance~~)		max_speed_mph = sqrt(2torquegear_ratio/drag)
	This relation allows to predict the flat track top speed of a car.		This relation allows to predict the flat track top speed of a car.

	~~Aero drag~~ also determines how fast the car will lose speed when the accelerator is not being held. It should, additionally, make the car slow down whenever it reached speeds higher than the flat-track top speed (when landing from a jump, for instance). Due to the same bug which originates powergear, however, this effect is observed, among the original cars, only for the [[Carrera]] (only those with power of 2 mass values work "properly"). This fact has very important consequences for the driving technique of Stunts cars. Usual values for the ~~aero coefficient~~ are similar in magnitude to those of mass, ranging from 20 to 52 for the original cars.		The Drag parameters also determines how fast the car will lose speed when the accelerator is not being held. It should, additionally, make the car slow down whenever it reached speeds higher than the flat-track top speed (when landing from a jump, for instance where ground resistance applies). Due to the same bug which originates powergear, however, this effect is observed, among the original cars, only for the [[Carrera]] (only those with power of 2 mass values are "bug free" and work "properly"). This fact has very important consequences for the driving technique of Stunts cars. Usual values for the Drag parameter are similar in magnitude to those of mass, ranging from 20 to 52 for the original cars.

	===Grip===		===Grip===

Duplode: /* Speedometer needle movement */

2023-03-19T04:21:33Z

Speedometer needle movement

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:21, 19 March 2023
Line 232:		Line 232:
	===Speedometer needle movement===		===Speedometer needle movement===

	'' '''Data type:''' [[#Pairs and triplets\|Pairs]] of [[#Bytes\|Bytes]], plus one pair of [[#Integers\|integers]] and a single integer (1 pair of integers, 1 integer and 104 bytes) ''		'' '''Data type:''' [[#Pairs and triplets\|Pairs]] of [[#Bytes\|Bytes]], plus one pair of [[#Integers\|integers]] and a single integer (1 pair of integers, 1 integer and 104 pairs of bytes) ''

	'' '''Address:''' (128h/129h, 12Ah/12Bh), 12Ch/12Dh, (12Eh/12Fh, 130h/131h)...(1FCh/1FDh, 1FEh/1FFh) (simd); (14Eh/14Fh,150h/151h), 152h/153h, (154h/155h)...(222h,223h) (absolute) ''		'' '''Address:''' (128h/129h, 12Ah/12Bh), 12Ch/12Dh, (12Eh/12Fh, 130h/131h)...(1FCh/1FDh, 1FEh/1FFh) (simd); (14Eh/14Fh,150h/151h), 152h/153h, (154h/155h)...(222h,223h) (absolute) ''

Afullo: /* Surface grip modifiers */

2022-01-12T20:54:04Z

Surface grip modifiers

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:54, 12 January 2022
Line 151:		Line 151:
	'' '''Address:''' B6h/B7h...BCh/BDh (simd); DCh/DDh...E2h/E3h (absolute) ''		'' '''Address:''' B6h/B7h...BCh/BDh (simd); DCh/DDh...E2h/E3h (absolute) ''

	These values are responsible for modifying the car grip according to the kind of surface it is on. The four integer values correspond to the four kinds of surface of Stunts - asphalt, dirt, ice and grass, in that order. Most cars have these set to ~~1000h~~, ~~0C00h~~, ~~0400h~~ and ~~0800h~~, and thus asphalt grip = (4/3)dirt grip = 4ice grip = 2*grass grip. [[LM-002]], as an off-road car, is a notable exception.		These values are responsible for modifying the car grip according to the kind of surface it is on. The four integer values correspond to the four kinds of surface of Stunts - asphalt, dirt, ice and grass, in that order. Most cars have these set to 0100h, 00C0h, 0040h and 0080h, and thus asphalt grip = (4/3)dirt grip = 4ice grip = 2*grass grip. [[LM-002]], as an off-road car, is a notable exception.

	===Air grip===		===Air grip===